Process of and apparatus for treating fine filamentous threads



n Aug. 17, 1937. c. A. HUTTINGER 2,089,962

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING FINE FILAMENTOUS THREADS Filed May5, 1954 l 8 sheets-sheet 1 A @ZMS Aug. 17, 19131.. c. A. HUWNGER2,089,962

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING FINEAFILAMNTOUS-THREADS Filed May5. 1954 8 sheets-sheet 2 Aug. 17, 1937. c. A, Hum-NIGER 2,089,962

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING FINE FILAMENTOUS THREADS VFiledMay 5. 1934 8 Sheng-sheet s 52 32 50 50 32 w 49 J2 -H- -4 I 5 i' 3 v49 3l 322 jljjj n y l L Armen/f Aug- 17, 1937. c, A. HurTlNGx-:R 2,089,962

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING FINE FILAMENTOUS THREADS Filed May5. 1934 8 Snee'cs--Sheet` 4 75 .a l A faim' Allg. 17, 1937. C, HUTT|NGER2,089,962

' PROCESS 0E AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING FINE FILAMENTOUS THREADS FiledMay 5, 1954 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 Aug. 17, 1937. c. A. Hur'nNGER PROCESS OFAND APPARATUS FOR TREATING FINE FILAMENTOUS THREADS- Filed May 5, 1934 8Sheets-Sheet 6 34 Fla? Aug. 17, 1937.

PROCESS OF AND 'APPARATUS FOR TREATING FINE` FILAMENTOUS THREADS FiledHay 5. 1934 8 Sheets-Sheet 'T AWE/V702.- C/fAu-s A Ham/v6.52

, fweemmd@ Aug. 17, 1937. c. A. HUTTINGER 2,089,962

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING FINE FILAMENTOUS THREADS Filed May5, 1934 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 H6. 3A F26. 3a

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Patented Aug. 17, 1937 PATENT oFFlcE PROCESS F AND APPARATUS FOR TREAT-vING FINE FILAMENTOUS THREADS Charles A. Huttinger, Lakewood, Ohio,assignor Acme Rayon Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, a

corporation of Ohio Application May 5, 1934, Serial No. 724,113

11 Claims.

My invention particularly relates to an improved method for treatingrayon inpackage form, suchas cakes, wound spools, Wound bobbins,and'other tubular packages or symmetrical or balanced formation, afterthe rayon thread has been collected in such form on spinning machinesfrom the precipitating bath in which the rayon filaments are set up. Therayon thread vas so collected comprises a comparatively large number oflaments which are twisted as some forms of packages are being collectedand are collected -untwisted in other forms of packages. The inventionalso includes improved apparatus for treating package rayon includingnew and imy proved forms of package supports, such as cake inserts, andbobbins. Claims to the new forms of package supports are not included inthis application.v

The treatments to which the rayon package is subjected by my improvedprocess'v and apparatus are those to which the rayon is necessarilysubjected, before the precipitated and package-collected thread can beconsidered a final product ready for the market, such as various water2;, washingsl desulphurizing, bleaching, oiling, sizing, dyeing, drying,and other purifying and finishing operations.

For purposes of illustration, I shall describe my invention in thefollowing specflca.

tion, by reference to the accompanying drawings, as applied to a waterwashing treatment of the thread package, the forms of illustrativerayonpackages being cakes and wound bobbins. In the water washing operationthe acids and salts and 3,-, extraneous matters are washed out of thecake or wound bobbin. However, the other treatments mentioned areelected by the same process and' in the same apparatus, and in fact, allof the treatments of the thread package can be effected 40 in the propersequence in the same apparatus by ou aridin a tender state, such as thegel state. It is' not necessary to age or harden the collected cake or'wound bobbin beyond the period in' which it is' fully set up, beforecommencing the treatment thereof by my improved process and apparatus,

state can be commenced immediately after it has been collected from theprecipitating bath and when the entire thread has been fully set up.

The objects of the invention are to eiectthe aforesaid treatments in athorough manner, and

economically, and without-breaking or otherwise materially damaging thethread, while at the same time preventing the creation of any immobilea'reas-in any portion of the package, or any unequal strains indifferent portions of the package, either during these treatments yorduring the drying of the package, whichlimmobile areas and strains wouldresult in a non-uniform dyeing thereof.. My invention obviates the`creation of .immobile areas and strained conditions in the package andthus induces even shrinkage during the drying thereof. This evenshrinkage is obtained by even one drying operation, thus obviating thenecessity of rewetting the package and again drying in order to improvethe uniform shrinkage condition. Furthermore, if some portions of thepackage dry in an immobile condition, or have strains set up therein bysome of thepurifying and drying operations antecedent to the dyeingthereof, different portions of the thread in the package then havedilerent reilective indexes and give different color reactions or 'havea barred effect when the thread is dyed,

resulting in a thread of non-uniform color.

Primarily, the process consists in loosening up the package, whentreating the same in its initial collected form, so as to provide forall parts of the package their respective natural scopes of free play,relative to other parts of the package, thus effecting a naturalalteration of the rela-` tive positions of all of the thread strandscomprising the package. This is done without injuriously disarrangingthe threadY or the strands thereof; so that the package may be dried inthe treated package form, preliminary to the sale thereof for themarket, or to the rewinding thereof into some other form of package forsuch sale,

without inducing strains or an immobile condition in any portion of thepackage which would result in a non-uniform dyeing or barred effect.

The puriiication'andother treatments of the package are carried outwithout unduly impairing the tenacity and elasticity of the thread re-`quired for later handling and processing or for Y use, and withoutsetting up local tension areas or non-uniform strains.

Essentially, my improved process consists in i pulsating the packagebody by' means of the treating liquid on the openings of perforatedsupports upon. which the package is .mounted and while the latter is,free-to move to a predetermined extent in, and under the pressure of,the treating liquid. The package is so mounted that different`vportions'thereof move or pulsate differently under the action of thetreating liquid; specifically, spaced transverse portions of the packagereact differently than the package portions intermediate said spacedtransverse'portions. While the package is being treated, water andchemicals are being removed, and hence'the thread diameter is beingvdecreased and thus is permittedrgreater freedom for the desiredpulsating movements. The initial rayon'packages which I illustrate, andthe treatment of which is shown, described and claimed, are ofsymmetrical annular formation having inner" and outer side surfaces orfaces, and end faces. I periodically reverse the direction of flow ofthe treating liquid and thus pass i it alternately in bothdirectionsthrough the lpackage body, from inside out and outside in, or lat' leastthe treating liquid 4penetrates the package body andtends to passtherethrough alternately in both directions. The treating liquid ispassed through the package body under any desired practicable pressureso as thereby to control to an extent the character of the Vtreatment.and the character andamount of package movement and pulsation, and thepressure may be maintained uniform or may be varied. Although the rangeof practicable liquid pressures is considerable,

particularly by reason of the different eifects'of different treatingliquids, I preferably use a nominal pressure of from one to 'two pounds.The

liquid pressures within vthe Ipracticable pressure` range are not greatenough to materially expand or compress the split inserts-upon which thecake packages are mounted, so that 'these inserts provide `asubstantiallyv rigid support of constant dimensions during the liquidtreatment. While 40 the treatingV liquid passes from Without the tubularpackage through the-body thereof and into the interior of the package,myjimproved process and apparatus providefor a deforming ,of the packageby permitting portions thereof to move inwardly, preferably apredetermined distance inwardly, under the pressure of the treatingliquid, so as to loosen 'up the package to a degree and permit thealtering of the positions ofthe strands or different portions of thethread comprising the '50 package. I provide in some instances,lparticularly when treating a freshly spun package in a tender state, for moying'the package to a. predetermined degree yalso in directionsother than ra dlally, by providing a space Awithin which the.

4package may longitudinally elongate. In my imdescribed are spun so thatthe strands thereof Y substantially prevent any enlargement of thepackage perimeter, so that the lp ressure of treat- '65 i'ngfliquidl'from within the package outwardly,

under any pressures praeticably usable, does not bulge'or deform thepackage outwardly so as to increasegits perimeterl to any materialextent..

However, those portions'of the package which'are 7'0jnot moved inwardlyby liquid passed inwardly of the package body are adjusted somewhatvoutwardly during*suchftreatmenhl as clearly shown in the accompanying`drawings and as will here- Vinafterbe fully described.

u My invention 'comprises an entirely new method of rayon-package liquidtreatment in that the treating liquid is passed alternately in bothdirections through the package body while the inner falce of the tubularpackage is not ventirely con- `fined soV that parts of the package arefree to move and relatively adjust themselves under the iniiuence of thetreating liquid, witha corresponding natural adjustment of all other thepackage.

'I'he improved process then consists lessentially in pulsating the rayonpackage laterally to and fro by the treating liquid, and onpackage-'support openings, and within an area having a perimeter notsubstantially greater than the original package perimeter, with or`without a limited amount of longitudinal expansion, and is carried outin the manner herein 'fully explained,^by reference both to cake andWound bobbin packages, and by the use of improved apparatus shown inillustrative forms in the accompanying drawings.

rThe annexed drawings and the following description set forth in detailcertain means exemplifying my improved apparatus and certain stepsillustrating my improved process, the'disclosed drawings and descriptionsetting forth in detail,

however, only a' few of thevarious series of steps by which my improvedprocess'may be carried out and only a few of the various forms ofapparatus in which the principle of my improved apparatus may beembodied, In said annexed drawings: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side viewof a line of rayon-package vtreatment casings andl transfer mechanismtherefor by means of which` the casings may be conveyed from onetreating station to another, a foundationand fixed bases for thetreating stations also being shown, the view including a showing of onevcasing being transferred from one base upon which a treatment has beeneffected to a subsequent base where another treatmentv will be effected;1

Figure 2 is a plan view of 'a treatment casing; and of lifting, andoverhead track and carriage, mechanisms adapted to--transfer thevcasings and their contained rayon packages from one treating station toanother station; f

Figure 3 is a broken side View of the mechanismsshown Vin Figure 2 andafragmentary side view of a treatment casing to which the lifting;mechanism is secured;

Figure 4 is anA end view of "a unit for effecting a single treatmentupon a plurality of rayon packages contained in a treatment casing, theview being taken from the plane indicated by the line 4 4, Figure 1,there being shown in dot-anddash lines a positionV of certain mechanismfor reversing the direction of owof the treating liquid,- so that theflow-direction would be opposite to that shown by the arrows in theligure; Figure 4a is a diagrammatic showing of .a wiring arrangement andassociated means serving automatically totime and actuate the mechanismadapted 'to reverse the direction of liquid iiow, including'means forvarying the time intervals between reversals;

Figure 5 is a verticallongitudinal section, taken through-the movabletreatment casingshown in Figure 4 and the fixed base upon which the sameis mounted, thev planes of section being indicated planes parts ofFigure 7 is a vertical transverse section, taken in the plane indicatedby the line V'I-I,Figures 6,' and 11;

Figure 8 is a fragmentary vertical transverse section, taken in theplane indicated by the line 8 8, Figures 5, 6, and 11; Y

' Figure 9 is a fragmentary side elevation of the top of a treatmentcasing, showing supporting and carrying ears, and a removable pin,serving to attach dependent lifting rods to the casing, a fragmentaryportion of one of said rods being shown in broken lines;

Figure 10 is a fragmentary vertical transverse section of the top of axed base for the movable -treatment casings, showing the form of acertain pneumatic gasket mounted upon the top of the base when no casingis mounted upon the base;

Figure 11 is a plan section, taken on the planes ing, showing onevertical tier of rayon cakes mounted therein, the view being taken inthe planes indicated by the line lli-I4, Figures 11 and l2;

Figure 15 is a plan section of one of the rayon cakes and a containedrod-and-band rubbercovered support or insert, the plane of section beingindicated by the line ISV-I5, lFigure 14, and the cake being shown inthat shape in which it is spun, or, if it has been deformed inwardly by,previous liquid treatment, in which it tends to reestablish itself,when the pressure of the treating liquid is from the inside of the caketowards the outside; l

Figure 16 is a view similarl to Figure 15, but indicating the shapes andpositions which the cake and its constituentiportions assume, or tend toassume, when the liquid pressure is from the 5 The rubber covering whichincases the nger contacts has been omitted from this view for the sake fof elearness.

Figure 19 is a vertical section through a rayon cake mounted on aninsert such as shown in Figure 18, this view showing that the insertwires which permanently contact the cake are covered with rubber; 1' l YFigure 20 is a plan section, taken on the plane indicated by the line-20-20, Figure 19, and showing the'shape in which the cake is spun, or,

'if it has been deformed inwardly by previous liquid treatment, in whichit tends to reestablish itself, when the pressure of the treating liquidis from within outwardly;

Figure 21 is a `view similar to Figure 20, but showing the change inshape assumed by the cake, or ,which it tends to assume, when thc liquidpressure is from without inwardly;

Figure 22 is a fragmentary vertical section sim- ?5 ilar to a portion ofFigure 14, but showing a woundbobbin type of rayon package and a bobbinsupport for rayon packages of the wound bobbin` if it has been deformedinwardly by previous liquid treatment, in which it tends to reestablishitself, when the flow of treating liquid .is from within outwardly,being shown in full lines, and the shape assumed by the wound bobbinpackage, or which it tends to assume, when theow of treating liquidisfrom without inwardly, being suggested by dotted lines;

Figure 24 is a vertical axial section, taken in the plane indicated bythe line 24--24, Figure 23;

Figure 25 is a fragmentary axial section, taken in the plane indicatedby the line 25--25, Figure 23;

Figure 26 is a fragmentary axial section of thebobbin-supporting-and-rotating portion of a spindle of a spinningmachineprovided with a perforated bobbin and a bobbin attachment, bothof which embody my improvements, the attachment serving to hold thethread circular as it is being collected from the precipitating bath andthus in- 1' sure cylindrical inner and outer surfaces of the collectedand wound bobbin. Thus a regularly annular package is gathered even ifthe package being gathered is supported only at spaced points by thebobbin or supportor, in other words, is'

being gathered on a perforated bobbin having comparatively large windowsor openings.

Figure 27 is a cross-section, taken in the plane indicated by the line21-21, Figure 26;

Figure 28 is an axial section, similar to Figure 24, but showing awound-bobbin support provided with longitudinal stops to limit theinward movemont of thewalls of the woundbobbin package when subjected tothe pressure of a treating liquid owing inwardly of the package;

Figure 29 is a cross-section, taken in the plane indicated by the line29-29, Figure 2B, the shape in which the wound bobbin package is spun,or, if it has been deformed inwardly by previous liquid treatment, inwhich it tends to reestablish itself, when the `flow of treating liquidis from within outwardly, being shown in full lines, and the shapeassumed by the wound bobbin package, or which it tends to assume, whenthe flow of treating liquid is from without inwardly, .being suggestedby dotted lines;

Figure 30 is a view similar to Figure l2'7, but showing necessarilymodified shell portions for the bobbin attachment, when the bobbin is.provided with stops such aslshown in Figures 28 and Figure 31' is aVfragmentary vertical section, similar `to Figure 14, of a vertical tierof rayon cakes in a treatment casing, the cakes being in a.

freshly spun or gel stata-not aged or hardened beyond the period inwhich they are fully set up, the cakes having been subjected as yet tono purifying operations, the gure showing spaces between the tops of therespective cakes and the adjacently upper spacer flanges, whereby thecakes during the liquid treatment can elongate longitudinally;y and vFigure 32 is a fragmentary vertical section, similar to Figure 22, of a.vertical tier of wound rayon bobbins in a freshly spun or gel state, notaged or hardened beyond the period in which they are fully set up, thewound bobbins not having been subjected as yet to any purifyingoperations, and being spaced at the top` from the re- `but notnecessarily, substantially equal `to the number of purifyingand otherprocessing operations to which, a rayon package may be subjected, thesebases 2 forming stations at. which the several purifying and otherprocessing operations may be effected in sequence, upon a plurality ofrayon packages suitably mounted in movable treatment casingsv 3. Theorganization of the apparatus is such lthat the same kind of treatmentis given at any one station to every. Abatch or treatment-casing-load ofpackages that is treated at that station. The casings 3 are provided'with 'covers 3 and are formed with base portions `32 havingoutwardly-extended flanges 33 ywhich register within the space definedby Aupwardly-extended and outwardly-curved spaced clips 2' secured toblocks 60 supported by the supportingbases 2, Figure 4. A treatmentcasing 3 is thus adapted to be rested byits base portions 32 upon asupporting base 2 in a predetermined position rfor effecting anoperation` upon the rayon packages mounted in the treatment casing 3.Itis not necessary positively to fasten the treatment casing 3 to thexed base 2 inasmuch as the weight of the casing and Vits 35 containedload is sumcient in itself to seal they joint between the casing andbase against the pressure of treating liquid ordinarily used,'particularly in combination with a pneumaticgasket 3 0 hereinafter fullydescribed.

' .i0 Referring particularly to Figures 8 and 10, it will I be notedwhat are the conditions of the gasket 30, .both when the treatmentcasing 3 is mounted upon the working base 2 and whenno treatment casingis mounted on the base 2. The gasket 30 serves asa resilient top for the'base 2 upon which thetreatment casing 3 is supported, the outerperimeter of the gasket 30 actually being positionedupon angles 59 whichare securedto theouter surface of a tank-like member 6I.

Itis notnecessary to fasten'the cover 3 to the treatment casing 3 but ifit is desired so to do, I provide angles 54 and the cover 3' with boltholes 55, Figures 5 and 7, by means of -which the securing of the cover3' may be'eifected. The working 55 of my improved process does notnecessarily require the use of -any cover for the treatment casing 3,.so the rcover 3' may be dispexgd with, if desired, but'its use is ofadvantage 'in preventing entrance of contaminating material into the,treatment casing 3.-

`A treatment casing 3 is transported, between successive operations uponthe packages therein contained,.from one ixed'supporting basej2 toanother base 2by a transfer carriage 4 .which\can G5 be rolled upon anoverhead track 5, Figures 1, 2 and 3. This mechanism will now bedescribed in detail. ,i A plurality of pairs `of ears IfI are formedupon the'outer sides of the casings'3 within each pair of which isremovably'mounted a pin I2 to which v is secured lthe lower end of adepending lifting rod I5 provided with a turnbuckle I5 to permit theadjusting of the length thereof. 'The upper end of therod I5 is securedto the free end of ra 75 crank arm- I6 which in turn is secured to ashaft provide the following means: mounted upon bearing brackets 4 whichare' supprojections of all portions of I'I' of a worm wheel I1.l Thelatter is mounted vin a pair of brackets II2 supported by the carriage 4and engages a worm I8' formed upon the end of a longitudinal shaft- I8mounted in the transfer carriage 4.. There are two of the shafts I8, oneadjacently interior of each side ofthe carriage 4, and each shaft has aworm portion I8' adjacent each end thereof. There is 'further secured toone end of each of the shafts I8 abevel gear I9 Iwhich engages a bevelpinion 20 secured to a cross shaft v2| supported bythe carriage 4exteriorly of one end thereof. Secured to an ex. tending end ofthe shaft2| is a hand wheel 22 which, it is evident, upon being actuated, willserve through the described transmission members to'lift or lower therods I5 and hence to lift or lower the treatment casing 3 from or ontothe base 2, as clearly shown with reference to one of the treatmentcasings 3 to beseen in Figure 1. When lowering the casing 3 onto thebase 2, the clips 2'. Figures'4 and 11, serve properly to align thecasing 3.

For propelling the rolling transfer carriage 4 along the tracks 5 andthus transferring a treatment casing 3 from one base 2 to another base,I The carriage 4 is ported by two opposed pairs of rollers 25 and 25'engaging the tracks 5. A cross shaft 24 mounted in the side framemembers of the' carriage 4 ad jacent one end of the latter is secured tothe pair of rollers 25 and is provided with a hand wheel 23 serving toturn the shaft 24 and hence the pair of rollers 25. Th'e rollers 25' arefree but engage the tracks 5 and are located adjacent that en d of thedriven rollers 25 are located.

carriage 4 opposite to the end where the positively The-entire liftingand transfer mechanisms just` described vare located exteriorly of thevertical shown in Figure 2, so that there is no' danger of any dirt orother refuse from-the lifting and .transfer mechanisms falling into thetreatment casing 3 and contaminating the contents thereof.

I illustrate my invention by the treatment of rayon packages both in theform of cakes 6, Figure 14, and in the form of wound spools or woundbobbins l, Figure 22. The treating liquid,

water, for instance, is circulated through the casings 3, and hencevthrough the rayon cakes and wound bobbins, vby any suitable means,'suchas a` .centrifugal pump l8, Figure 4, which is reversed at desiredintervals either by hand orby timed automatically-operated means, Figure4a, all of which is herein described in detail. Severaltiers ofvertically-*aligned and connected'rayon pa'ck' ages are mounted in atreatment casing 3, and

treated simultaneously,-'as shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, a, 11 and 12.

A part of myimproved apparatus includes improved inserts orsupports forthe cakes and improved bobbins or'supports for the wound spools or woundbobbins 1. Theins'erts for the cakes are of' truncated conical formationand conform tothe forms of thecakes which are mounted upon them. Allinserts and bobbins are perforated and form internal supports for thecakes and woundv bobbins. @The perforations of the inserts .and bobbins,i. e.,.t he openings on A,which the pulsating of thecakes and woundbobbins is effected, are in the nature of open windows preferably, butnot necessarily, arranged lengthwise of the inserts and bobbins. I'heinserts for thecakes 6 are shown in a general way by inserts Il). Figure14, and the'bobbins for the .wound the casing 3, as 2 '30 contacts.

Figure 22, various improved forms of these in-l serts and bobbinsforming part of my invention and being shown in the accompanyingldrawings, and herein described in detail. The open windows of theinserts and bobbins 'are large enough in area to permit materially largeportions of the rayon package to pulsate therethrough under `the actionof the treating liquid. Thus the inserts and bobbins are of skeletonformation and do not interpose material obstruction to the passage oftreating liquid therethrough. This construction assists in speeding upthe treating operations. Claims to the improved forms of inserts andbobl5 bins per se are contained in another application Serial No.724,114 led concurrently herewith.

Referring to Figure 14, the lowermost cake 6 in any vertical tier ofcakes is mounted in the treatment casing 3 upon an annular upwardly- 20extended iiange 3| of an annular hard rubber base member 3|, and between.each adjacent two cakes S of any tier is provided an annular hardrubber abutment or spacing member 32 having upper and lower annularflanges 32 with which 25 the ends ofthe cakes 6 contact in the form oiapparatus shown in Figure 14. The top of the topmost cake of a tier issurmountedlby a hard rubber cap 33 closed at the top and having adownwardly-extended flange 33 which .the cake The distance between thebody portions of adjacent spacers 32, or between such a spacer and thecake base 3|, yor between such a spacer and the cap 33is defined by theheight of the cake insert or support I0. Several such 35 tiers of cakesare mounted in the treatment 4casing 3, eight such tiers in the form ofapparatus shown, fourtiers longitudinally of the casing 3,v

and two tiers. transversely thereof, Figures 5 and 7, the two sets oftwo transverse tiers at each end 40 of the casing, 3 being lockedtogether, yand alsoA locked tightly in a vertical direction, byI aspider 36 whose four arms `3`| are formed into pads which are fasteneddown upon the tops of the four caps 33 by means of a nut 40 which en- 45gages the top of a rod- 34 passing through the 557, 11, and 12.Actually, these flanges are slightly less in diameter than one-half thewidth of the treatment casing 3, approximately one-eighth (M3) inch less'in' diameter so as to permit the convenient assembling of the tiers ofcakes in C0 the treatment casing, but the flanges are so nearly indiameter one-half` the width of the treatment casing 3.that the mereassembling of the cakes and bases, spacers, and caps in the treatmentcasing serves automatically tov provide for C? satisfactorily perfectvertical alignment of the cakes in each tier. `Withinsimilarlimitations,a's shown in Figures 5, 11, and 12, the inside length ofthetreatment casing 3 is four times the diameter of the anges 3|', 32', and33'. As clearly To seen in Figure 14, the interiors of verticallyalignedcakes 6 are communication through the central openings of theannularspacers 32 so that all the cakes in any one vertical tier form asingle interior chamber. The vertical cham- 75 bers inside therespective tiers of cakes 6 and spacers 32 are indicated by the numbers4|, and the irregularly-shaped chamber exteriorly of the cakesJ butwithin the treatment casing 3, is indicated by the number 42.

It is evident that if means are provided for circulating treating liquidwithin the treatment casings 3 in such a manner as to cause the samewhen passing throughthe treatment casing to flow from the chambers 4| tothe chamber 42, or vice versa,l such liquid will pass through and treatthe threads comprising the bodies of the cakes 6. My inventioncontemplates such passing of the treating liquid through the cake bodiesalternately in both directions whereby a pulsating upon the insertopenings of the cake Ybodies and their constituent threads is induced soas to I loosen up the threads being treated and thus permit thediierentportions of each cake body to alter their-relative positions accordingto their respective tendencies and without strain. lIhen, during laterdrying of lthe cake, a uniform shrinkage of all parts of the cake'bodyis obtained and no strain is therein set up or any immobile areastherein produced; so that the reiiective indexes -of all parts of thethread comprising the cake are the same, and hence the whole cake bodycan be uniformly dyed. Furthermore, the cake body is free to movelaterally to and fro within predetermined limits during the liquidtreatment so that the diierent portions thereof`naturally assume their`relative positions without tension.

Means will be hereinafter described in detail for recirculating treatingliquid through the casings 3, and for reversing the direction of liquidflow, and for causing the pulsating and moving of the rayon packages.

The base 3.2 ofthe treatment casing 3 is formed withi a series ofopenings through which pass hard rubber bushings 44 whose upper ends arethreaded into the cake bases 3| and 'thus fasten the latter to the base32. The 'openings 43 in the bushings 44 respectively communicatedirectly with the chambers 4| formed within the interiors of thevertical tiers of cakes 6 and their associated spacers 32. The base 32of the treatment casing 3 is also formed with a second series ofopenings 45 therethrough which communicate with the chamber 42 in thecasing 3, which cham-v ber 42 is exteriorly of the cakes 5. Thecirculating treating fluid passes into and out of the treatment casing 3through the openings 43 and 45, alternately in both directions.

Y quickly and thoroughly draining the treatment casing 3 of -a treatingliquid after one treating operation has been completed andl beforetransporting the casing and its contained load of cakes to another xedbase 2 for a subsequent treat- 'ment In the working oor Figures 5, 6, '7and 8, I form a pit 46 lined with a pan-shaped metal wall 6| whose base6| is formed with two longitudinal staggered series of openings |00 andIUI, Figure 13. In a smaller and Aadjacently lower pit 46'l are locatedlongitudinal vertical channels |02 and an end channel |03 secured bytheir upper flangesto the base 6| exteriorly of the openings |00 and|0|, which channels deiine an area which includes two side chambers 53and 62, respectively, which are completely separated by a verticallongitudinal partition comprised of spaced plates |04.- The chambers 53and 62 communicate with lthe chamber of the pan 6| through the openings|00 and mi, respectively. The channels |02 which define-the chambers 53and 62 are secured The large number of openings 43 and 45 provide meansforv by means of bolts |09 to a base plate. |08, Figure 8, gaskets |01being disposed between the channels |02 and .partitions |04, and saidbase plate |08. To the pan 6| I secure alternating down- Wardly andinwardly inclined and converging pairs of transverse plates 41 and 48,respectively, of which the adjacent pairsare separated by verticaltransverse partitions 26, thus forming alternate series of transverseconduits which respec- 1 -0 tively communicate with the ports 43, andwith the ports 45. It will also be noted in Figures 7,

8 and 13 that the plates 41 and 48 are so respectively inclined that theopening between -the bottoms of a pair of plates 41A registers with anopening A|00 into theside chamber 53 and that an opening between thebottoms of the plates 48 registers with an opening |0| into the oppositeside chamber '62. Theside chamber 53 communicates at its open end with'an exterior pipe 58, and the opposite side chamber 62 communicates withan exterior pipe 63, Figures 5, 6 and 1l. outlet,- respectively, or viceversa, into and from the iixed base '2 for the treating liquid which isrecirculated through the treatment casing 3. As

clearly shown in Figure '4, the ,pipe 58 communicates with `a pipe 64through the medium of a T 64.', the pipe 64 being controlled by a cock65 and -con'rinriugnicating'with a source of treating liu-` l -uidsupply (not shown). This pipe 64 is utilized,

gasket serves also as a. resilient base for the treatment casing` 3; therubber covering38 for the rods 34 and the bosses 35, Figure 14; therubber covering 39 for the spiders 436 and clamping pads 31, Figure 14;the rubber covering 50 f or the exterior of they treatment casing 3,Figures 5, '1, andh 14; the rubber covering 49 for the interior of thetreatment casing 3; the gasket 5| between'v l the topof the treatmentcasing 3 and'itscover 3.',

Figures 4, 5, and 1, this gasket 5| serving also as 9,1' resilient basefor the cover 3 and actually resting' upon an angle 54 securedexteriorly-of the casing 3 and flush with the top oi' the latter, thisangle 55 54 -being covered bythe rubber covering 50 which Vprotects thebody 0f the casing 3;` the rubber covering 56for thecas'ing cover 3',Figures 4, 5, and 7; the rubber covering 51 fordrain channels 52.andoutside angles 59, Figures 5 and v6; the

i been opposite to that which lhas just been de- `60 scribed indetail,'the treating liquid'would have 60 gaskets |01 beneath thepartitions |04 andthe channelslz, 8; and the rubber covering ||0 for theintericnof the bottom chambers 53 and 62; and the rubber covering 110';for the base plate |08, Figures 'Tand 8. In lie'u of usingfA rubberor'similar protective material for coatings and coverings, resistantmetal for the inserts and bobbins and many other parts of my improvedapparatus may be utilized.

When itis desired; to initially illl the system 70 with the treatingliquid preliminarily to the treating of the cakes .6, whichrhave beenproperly assembled in the Atreating casingl 3, the ,cock is cdmira-eockinA avpip'eline- 66 is opened, which pipe line 66 also communicates withthe These pipes 58 ,and 63 form the inlet and communicates with a pipe"leading to the discharge outlet of a centrifugal pump 8, with the inlet'of whichl pump a pipe 68 communicates, the other end of the pipe 69communicating with the chamber of a four-way valve68,^access to which 5four-way valve is also afforded by pipes 63', 14, and 64. Thel pipe 63'communicates with the conduit 63 which opens into the side chamber 62,and the pipe communicates with theconduit 58 which opens'intothe vsidechamber 53. The l0 pipe 14 communicates with'a nlter 12 for removingimpurities and which isY providedy with gauges 12 to indicate the,pressure of .the systemand, also, the condition of the filter wherebythe treating liquid can bev periodically standardized. l5"4 The iilter12 also communicates with a. pipe 1| communicating with and connected byva /T-'66 to the pipes 66 and 10. The cock 13 is provided -in the pipe1|'and serves to throttle as desired,

into-the chamber I3 whence ithe overflow passes 30 [by the downpipe |4to a cat h basin 52 formed by channels located in the ma n ilooradjacently exteriorly ol.' the'pit 46, whence the overflow' is vdischarged through a drain |05.

As soon as theoveriiow of liquid from the level 35 I3 indicates that thesystem is full, the cock 61 is closed, and the cock 13 set at thedesired throttling position. Assuming that the direction of liquidcirculation which is desired through the four-way valve-68 is thatindicated by the dotted- 40 line arrows shown in Figure 4, the valve 68is set to eect this direction vof circulation and the centrifugal pump 8is then started. The-treating liquid is thus drawn from the treatmentcasing 3 through the ports 45, the passages deiined by the 45 plates 48,openings 10|, and side chamber 62, to. the pipe -63 whence it passes bypipe 63' through -the four-way valve 68 tothe pipe 69, thence throughthe pump 8, pipe 10, T 66', pipe 1|,

filter 12, pipe 14, four-way valve 68, T64', con- 50 duit 58, sidechamber 53, openings |00, passages deilned by plates 41, and ports 43into the chambers -4|, whence it completes the. cycle by passingthroughthe bodies of the rayon cakes 6 to the exterior chamber 4 2.- Inpassing from the cham-l 55 A *I bers 4| inside` the cake 6 to` thevchamber 42 outside. of' thc cakes, the circuiaung'iiquid treats the A(cakes in the desired manner.

1f the desired direccion ci liquid circulation had been drawn from thetreatment casing 3 through the ports 43, thence through thepassagesdenned bythe plates '41, then through the openings |06,

ypipe 6 9, pump 8, pipe 10, pipe 1|,.. lter 412, pipe 14, four-way valve68, pipe 63', side chamber 62, openings |0I; ports 45,Y chamber, 42,through theA bodies of the cakes 6 from withoutxinwardlyinto theinterior cake chambers 4|, and' thence to the 75 l ports 43. In thelast-described direction of circulation of the treating liquid, i. e..whenthe direction of liquid flow is from without the cakes 6 andinwardly thereof, a negative pressure or suction is created by the pump8 within the interior cake chambers 4l, and the pressure of the treatingliquid on the exterior faces of the cakes is atmospheric due to theprovision of the overflow or vent 18.

10 Periodically, and repeatedly, the direction of liquid ow through thesystem is reversed, either by hand, or by automatically operatedmechanism which will now be described. Secured to the head 16 of theplug for the four-way valve 68 is one end of a crank arm 11 whose otherend is pivotally connected to` one end of a link 18 whose other end ispivotally connected by a crank pin 18' to a disk 19 rotatably mountedupon a worm-gear shaft 83 mounted in the housing |86 20 of a Worm-gearshaft reducer 82. The shaft 8i of a motor 9 engages the worm shaft ofthe re ducer 82. The periphery of the disk 19 is formed with a pair ofslots 8U. Referring particularly to Figure 4a, a main three-phasealternating current electrical line 81 is controlled by a main 'switch88 to close a circuit 91 to a motor 89 whose shaft 89' engages aworm-gear speed reducer 99 within whose housing is mounted a worm-gearshaft 9i. Secured to the shaft 9i is a sprocket 92 over which runs anendless chain 93 some of whose links are indicated by the number 99".Secured to the chain 93 are a plurality of trips 94 adapted in sequenceand at predetermined intervals of time, determined by the speed of thechain and the spacing of the trips on thechain, to engage and lift aspring-controlled arm 96 against the resistance of its spring, resultingin the closing of a circuit 98 through the closing of a switch 95, thecircuit 98 running to the motor 9. Connected to the circuits -91 and 98upon opposite i y sides of a switch 84 is a third circuit 99 controlledby saidswitch 84, the latter being adapted to be closed when aspring-actuated arm 85 lsecured thereto is lifted againsty theresistance of l its spring by the riding of a roller 86 out of one ofthe, grooves 88 formed in the periphery of the disk 19 as the latter isturned through the instrumentality of the motor 9. When the switch 88isclosed to permit the current to ow from the main line 81 tothe circuit91, the consequent action of the motor 89 results in the movement of thechain 93 in a counterclockwise direction causing a trip 94 to engage thearm` 96 to lift the same and eict the closing of the circuit 98 whichresults inthe actuation of the motor s to effect 'the turningoi the disk19. When this disk 19 is turned sufficiently to` cause the roller 86 toride out of the groove 88, assuming that the'apparatus is in theposition 0 shown in Figures 4 and 4a., the switch 84 is closed, and,although the mechanism is so timed that by this rtime the trip 94 haspassed the arm 96 so as Y f to result in the opening of the circuit 98`the ,motor 9 still continues to be actuated through the ,f closing ofthe circuit 99 incident 'to the closing ofthe switch 84. Therefore, themotor 9 is actuated continuously until the roller 86 is in the other oft'ne slots 88, under which circumstances both the switches 95 and 84 areopened. The

- period of time from the instant in which a trip 94 engages the arm 96until the roller 86 drops into the alternate groove 80 is the timeallowed v` for the fairly leisurely movement of Ythe crank arm 11 andlink 18 from one position to their other position, to effect a reversalof liquid circulation through the four-way Valve 68, as indicated `bythe full line and dotted line positions of the members 11, 18, and 18',Figure 4.

'I'he next reversing movement of the crankarrn 11 anci link 18 commenceswhen the next trip 94 engages the arm 96 and closes the circuit 98 tothe motor 9:

When it is desired to change the timing, so as to effect the reversalsof liquid flow at different intervals, the spacing of the trips 94 onthe chain 93 is altered by adding or removing individual links 93' ortrips 94, thus effecting thev tripping of the arm 86 at different lengthintervals of time.

Referring particularly to Figures 14., 15, 16, and 17, there is thereindisclosed an improved metallic skeleton cake insert ,I0 comprised of twosplit end rings Hl connected by spaced bars H2.A Referring toFigure 14,it will be noted that the bars H2 are somewhat longer than the depth ofthe cake 6 so that the latter can be mounted between adjacent flanges32' of the spacers 32 and the insert I0 mounted between the bodyportions of adjacent spacers 32,. In order to 'protect' those portionsof the metal insert i9 which are subject to corrosion by the. treatingliquid or by the alkali and acids contained in and on the threadv of thecakes 6, I- cover substantially the full length of the bars i12 withsplit rubber sheaths H3. I

show four of thefbars M2 spaced ninety (9G) degrees apart, and thus Atheinsert openings between adjacent bars i12 are of substantial size andform in effect open longitudinal windows through which substantial,portions of the cake 6 may pass under the influence of the treatingliquid. Actually, during the treating operation the cake portionspulsate in and out through the several windows. Two or three of thebarsA i12 'might be used, or a number thereof greater than four,provided windows of large enough size are provided to permit cakeportions to pulsate.'

When the treating liquid is passed from the chamber 4l within theinterior of `a cake E through the'wall of the cake and to that chamber42 which is exterior of the cake 6 but is within the treating casing 3,the cake 6 substantially maintains its initial collected shape, shown inFigure 15, or tends' to reestablish itself in that y shape, due to thecharacter of the spinning thereof and the manner of winding theseveralstrands of which the cake is comprised. However, when thetreating liquid is passed from without the cake and through the bodythereof into the in terior chamber 4I, the cake is deformed substantially as shown by the convex inner` face portions H4 and the concaveouter faceportions H5, Figure 16, or tends to be so deformed, eachdeformed face portion extending substantially from a projection of thecake radius which passes through one ofthe bars H2 to the projection ofthe cake radius passingl through the next adjacent bar II2.- The ends ofthese deformed cake portions are adjusted somewhat outwardly, as clearlyI shown in Figure 16, while the intermediate part thereof is movedinwardly, by the action of the treating liquid. These deformed faces H4and H5 are wavy or irregular as suggested by the numbers I |6,'Flgure16. Theplane of the. section of the insert and package, shown in Figuresl5 and 16, is considered to be a transverse plane, and the severaldeformed package portions in this plane in Figure 16 are considered tdbe relatively transversely or laterally positioned, so that therelatively transversely adjacent portions of the package are deformed inopposite directions un..

' 10 package portions 2., 21, I show therein' a modified form ."0 ingportions |30 each connected der the action of the treating liquid. InFigure '16, there are four package portions. whichhave been movedinwardly of the packageaxis by the inward'movement of the treatingliquid, and four alternate package portions exteriorly adjacentv to thebars |3 which have been moved somewhat outwardly during the inwardmovement of the treating liquid. 'I'hese inward and outward movements ofadjacent lines in Figures 23 and 29.

It is evident lthat the contractibility incident to the split ringvformation of the end rings-IH of the cake insert I0 provides for theconvenient and non-damaging insertion of the insert I0 into the cake 6,for the mounting of the cake for the treatment thereof, the insert toexpand when completely inserted within the cake 6, so that the spacedrubber-covered bars ||2 thereof contact with the inner face of the cake,as clearly seen in Figure 15. During the liquid treatment the inserts I0are held substantially rigid by the spacers 32, bases 3| and caps 33.

Referring particularly to Figures 18, 19, 20, and

of cake insert preferably formed of wire and having a plurality lofspaced longitudinal wire fingers |28 provided with split rubber sheaths|29. The fingers |28 are formed with interior longitudinally-extendby anupper-end U-joint |32 with an interiorly-located stop'member |3| ofelongated U-formation. These stop members |3| in turn are connected atthe top by outwardly-extended'U-shaped joints |33 with the 35respectively adjacent fingers |28.. When this form'of insert isutiiizedas a mounting for the cakes 6, the split rubber sheaths |29contact the inner face of the cake 6 at spaced intervals,y and l theoutwardly-extended U-portions |32 and |33 .19 at the upper end of theinsert overlie the top face of the cake 6; Figure 19.y The respectivepositions assumed by the different cake portions, or tended to beassumed, when the pressure of the treating liquid is from withoutinwardly is indicated by the 4 5 inside face |34 of the cake 6 and theoutside face |35, Figure 21, both of which faces are of irregularoutline. The members maximum possible amount of inward movements v ofthe several cake portions under the action of a treating liquidl appliedto the outer face ofthe cak 6.

Regardless of the pipes and other liquid 'ow apparatus,l the differencein pressures be-l tween the inside and outside of they packages 6 isbalanced. -Of course, the pressure on that side of the package 6 facingthe intake of the Dump 8 atmospheric pressure, and, when the ow oftreating liquid is from without the packages inm ywardly,V the pressureon ages is atmospheric because of the overflow or vent |3 at the top ofthe treating chamber 3,

as hereinbefore explained.

which the treating liquid is fed to the packages C.; 6 can be varied toconform to the different ,de-

sired effects from different treating liquids, and to conform to thedifferent characteristics of packages made in different-ways. Theeffective A.Work done by the treating liquid is uniform on 70 all cakes6 of a, vertical tier of cakes, regardlessA the formation of any'substantial differentialv effect tending tol arise of the height of thetier,

from any hydrostatic head being obviated by reason of the provision ofthe overflow I3.

75 Referring particularly portions, viz., those packagey are clearlyshown in dotted' deformed cake portion and thevsomewhat out- 0 beingpermitted the supporting arms bobbin bars |43 'of the l i443', thesewound-bobbin-supporting plates |55 will be a negative one, i. e., onebelowv the outside of the pack-f i The pressure at to the bppbin 4typeof i support, Figures 22, 23, 24 and 25, which isr unf lized for woundrayon packages of spool or bobbin vshape,`the samecomprises a pair ofend rings |42 connected by a plurality of spaced ylong itudinalbars |43having splitrubber sheaths 5 |44. 'Ihe position assumed by the woundbobbin 1 mounted on the bobbin I0', or tended to be assumed, when thepressure of the treating liquid is from without inwardly, is shown indot= and-dash lines, Figure 23, wherein |45 indicates the inner face ofthe wound bobbin 1 and |46" indicates the outer face thereof, both .ofA, irregular outline, this Figure 23 clearly showingtheinwardly-moved-intermediate part. of each Wardly adjusted endsthereof. 'I'he shape in' which the wound bobbin is spun is shown in fulllines in said Figure 23. 'I'he bobbin"v type of pack-y age 1 is formedwith tapered ends 1', as is clearly shown in Figure 22, and as iswell-known in the art. Therefore, I make the flanges |4| of the spacers|40 also of tapered formation to conform to the` ends 1' of the woundbobbin 1, and.` thus cause the end faces 1 and the adjacent faces of theflanges |4| closely. to contact one with the i other throughout' theventire distance wherein they are in vertical alignment.

Referring to the apparatus shown' in Figures 26 and 27, I thereinillustrate an attachment for lthebobbin-supporting and rotating spindleof a e0- bin. To the bobbin-rotating spindle |48v of a spinning machineI means of a set screw |49, the member |,41-besecure hubmember |41 bying formed with an axial recess |50. Formed upon the outer `surfaceofthe hub member |41 are a plurality of spaced ears |'5I to which arepivotally secured by means of pins |52 a plural` ity of spaced arms |53having hub portions |54 mounted on the` pins |52, which hub portionsv|54 are formed with heels |54' in contact with the outer surface of thehub-member |41. 4 Each of |53 has an arcuate woundbobbinfsupportingplate |55 of a peripheral width slightly lessVV Athan the arc betweencontiguous circle dened by such bars having end vextensions |56 adaptedto contact at theirouter'surfaces with the inner surface of one of thebobbin end rings |42. Extended inwardly from the center of thewound-bobbin-supporting platesl |55 are radial webs |51 having inner endclamping pad portions |58. These pad portions |58 denne a circle .havingan area substantially equal to thecross-sectional area of a spreadinghead |60 :having a conical portion |60' and 65 formed upon a rod |59having a handle |62v at one yend and an extension |6| at the other endadapted to engage `the recess |50 in the hub memy Outward movement ofthe rod |59 is limited by an enlarged shoulder portionv |14 adapted tocontact the inner ends of the pads |58.

A. rubber band |13 tends to hold the 'arm T53 50. rubber sheaths When itis desired tol spin a rayon bobbin 1 upon a bobbin or support Iii andupon the spindie of a spinning machine having my improved attachment,the bobbin i0' is applied to the attachment, which is ilxed to thespinning machine spindle, in the following manner. YThe bobbin I0 ispassedover the arms |53 of the attachment with the bars |43 of thebobbin passing between the adjacent edges of adjacentwoundbobbin-supporting plates |55, as shown in Figure 27, and the endextensions |56 of the plates |65 passing through one end ring |42 of thebobbin` I0', as shown in Figure 26. Meanwhile, the inner extension |6|of the rod |59 has been posi,

tioned in its innermost position in the recess 156 oi the hub member|41. Thislrod |59 is then pulled outwardly by means of the handle member|62, the conical head portion |60' facilitating the entrance of the head|60 within the circle dened by the clamping plates |56, the outwardmovement of the rod |59 being continued until the shoulder; |14 engagesthe inner ends of the clamping plates |58, as clearly shown in Figure26. 'I'hus the pads |58 are tightened so as to position thewound-bobbin-supporting plates |55 substantially in the circle definedby the rub- 30 ber sheaths |44 of the bobbin bars |43, `which is thecircle that it is desired to define by the inner face of the Woundbobbin 1 when it is gathered or spun. u

, As will be clearly seen in Figures 27 and 36.

35 the plates |55 and |66, respectively, do not ll the entire collectingsurface portions between the adjacent bars |43 and |64, but do completethe collectingsurface to an extent suiiicient to make u a continuouscollecting surface from a practica- 40 ble standpoint. `In'other words,the comparativelyy slight spaces between the edges of the plates |55 and|68 and theadjacent bars |43 and |64 are not large enough to prevent thecollection of the Wound bobbin 'with substantially tty- 45 lindricalinner and outer faces.

Referring to the form of bobbin I0' shown in Figures 28, 29, and 30, thesame comprises a pair of end rings |63 connected by a plurality ofspaced longitudinal rods |64 covered with split |65. In this formof'bobbin, I Y provide spaced stops |66 intermediate each adjacent pairof longitudinal rods |64, 'these stops lying interiorly within the'circle dened by the' rods |64 and serving to limit the amount of in- 55ward movement made by the wound bobbin when the pressure of the treatingliquid is from with- .v

' -out inwardly, as indicated by the inner face |69, Figure 29, whichface indicates the position assumed by this face of the wound bobbin, ortended 60 to beassumed, under such outer face of the wound bobbin vwhenthe pressure of the treating liquid is from withoutl inwardly isindicated by the number |10, and both the inner and outer faces areirregular in 65 outline. I indicate in Figure 30 somev necessary changesin the structure of the bobbin attachment for the spinning spindle, whenthe bobbin In is provided with stops, such as the stops |66 shown inFigures 28 and 29. Under such condi- ;ro'tions, thewound-bobbin-supporting plates |55 of Figures 26 and A2'? are subdividedinto a pair of ,':arcuate plates |68', each of which is connected to theclamping pad |58 by means of an end web |61.

` Important advantages attach to the spinning 7,5 of the Irayon packagesof bobbin formation upon liquid pressure; The

they can'also be used as supports, after spinning, for the necessarypuriiication and other processing. It is necessary with previous typesof bob- -bins to unwind the rayon package from the bobbin and rewindinto other package forms, after washing, and before subsequentprocessing, and' in so doing, the rayon fibres are damaged, and

other injurious results occasioned. If the. rayon package upon theprevious types of bobbin is not so rewound, the benefits of the inwardshrinkage l of the package obtained by my improved process cannot berealized. My improved attachments for the wound-bobbin-suporting shaftsof spinning machines permit Vproper collection of the rayon bobbins uponperforated bobbins which then serve as suitable .supports upon which theAwound rayon bobbins remain mounted for subsequent processing. l

Referring particularly to Figure 31, I therein show a fragmentaryportion of a treatment casing l in which is mounted a. vertical tier o'frayon cakes 6, the top of each of which is spaced from the bottom of theadjacently upper spacer ange 32', as indicated by the number |1|. Thecakes 6 shown in this Figure 31 are assembled preliminary to the rstwashing operation, and are freshly spun, and in the tender or gel state,-before they have been aged or hardened to any extent, except that thethread of the entire cake has been given time within which to be fullyset up. f

A method of treating rayon .threads in tubular package form, when thethread is in a tender state, such as the gel state, is shown, describedand claimed in United States Patent No. 1,859,- 03'?, issued May 1'1,1932, upon my improvements in Methods Vof treating fine lamentous threadin packagevform. The method disclosed in said patent consistsessentially in mounting the freshly spun cakes in vertical tiers betweenspacers, and with a slight space separating the top of each cake fromthe adiacently upper spacer flange,

before commencement of the treating operation,

so that the cake, during the early stages of the treating operation, mayelongate longitudinally until its upper end' strikes the spacer abutmentabove, and then the cake is restrained from further elongation. Thislimited elongation of the cake induces porosity inasmuch as thespaceinitially above the cake somewhat alleviates, during the elongatingperiod, the pressure which, if there were no such space, would tend tobe built up by the resistance which the cake body oers during suchperiodtothe passage of the treating liquid therethrough.

Whether or -not the rayon packages tend to elongate longitudinallyduring the early stages of treatment with a processing liquid, and theextent and rapidity yof such elongation, depends materially upon thetime which elapses between the collecting of the package by the spinningmachine and the rst liquid operation. I'he tendl tudinally is mostpronounced. When fresh cakes 4,are processed by the new methoddisclosedin this instant application, it ls of advantage to provide forthis longitudinal elongation of the package, in order to thus assist in.inducing Ythe desired porosity, as well as the inducing of poros- 4 ityby the lateral pulsating of the package herein shown, described andclaimed.

9 rbobbins which are of such constructions that The spaces |1| showninthe instant application, Figure-31', are materially deeper` than thoseshown in said-v patent, but may or may not be as deep as the totalelongation which the package 5 tends to make under the treatment,depending,

upon the desired permissible amount of longitu- /dinal elongation of.the package. I have shown spaces |1| of substantially one-half (1/2)inch depth, and the same may vary from a substantial depth up to a depthof approximately one (1) inch. 1 l

'Ihe inserts |15, Figure 31, are longer than the inserts l0, Figurel'i,in order to space apart they spacers 32 suiilcientlyto provide thespaces |1| above the cakes 6, V

After the cakes 6 shown in said Figure 31 have elongated under theliquid treatment until they completely -ll the spacesy |1| betweenadjacentflanges 32 of adjacent spacers 32, or until they have completedtheir longitudinal elongation,

their processing continues by lateral pulsations under the inuence ofthe pressure vof the treating liquid in the same manner as describedwith reference to the cakes'y shown in Figure 14. Of

course, the processing by lateral pulsations is also 'effected duringthe elongating period.

In ljigure 32, I have disclosed an assembly of rayon packagesofwoundbobbin form in a treatment casing 3, in which the upper endl ofeach wound bobbin 1 is separated from the lower ange. 14| of the.adjacently upper spacer |40 by a space |12, similar to the space |1|shown and described relative to'Figure 31. This space |12 is for thesame purpose, and used under the same conditions as that describedrelative to the space i 1|, Figure 31, and after the wound bobbins 1 vhavelongitudinally elongated sufficiently .to fill the spaces i12,.orhave completed their longitudinal elongation, the processing of thebobbins 40 by the treating liquid `continues in the manner describedwith reference to the bobbln assembly shown in Figure 22. In Figure 32,the inserts |16 are longer than the inserts i 0', Figure 22,v in orderto' space apart the abutmentsl |40 sumciently to v provide the spaces|12 above the wound bobbins 1. A hard rubber ,cap |11 surmounts-the tierof Wound bobbins 1.

`Preferably, the depth of the spaces |1| lor |12 is coordinated withvthe amountoi' permissible ,f lateral deformation of the rayon packageso as to produce a desired amount of longitudinal elongation ofthepackage relative to the amount of inward and outward lateral pulsatingmovements of the latter. f

After the rayon packages have been ompletely processed b y the methodherein di can be dried in the treatment casing 3 by circulating airtherethrough and` while still mounted upon the inserts I0 and |15, orthebobbins i0' and .|16. It is not necessary to incur theadditional'expense of transferring the packages to av special extractoror dryer, for the purpose of dry- ,l ing the same preliminarily to thedisposal thereof 'for ultimate use and sale, or to the rewinding thereofintoother .package'forms forsuch disposal. Furthermore, the danger ofinjuring the 'packages by rewindingand by and duringy the transfer to an-extr'actorfor dryeriS thus eliminated. One dryingoi the/ processedpackage, treated bylthe various purifying liquidsby my improved method',is sufficient to resultin even shrinkage of the thread, it not beingnecessary to nately dry the same to obtain satisfactorily uni- `'formshrinkage conditions.

sed, they' again or repeatedly rewet the package and alter,

aosae'ea The. pulsating of the package which is occaj sioned by myimproved method of processing, and

the consequent porosity of the4 package, give all portions of the latterfull opportunity to contract lwhen drying, in accordance with theirseveral tendencies, without occasioning any)` strain in any portion ofthe package. By pulsating Imean the inwardly and outwardly to'and fromovements made bythe package and the constituent parts thereof.

'The treating liquid which I provide adjacent' both faces of the packagetends to make the package become buoyant and to 'tend to float so thatunder the liquid treatment it switches back and forth similar to themovements of skein packages when the latter are treated with liquids inthe predetermined desired maximum inward move-- ment. i

Although it is not necessary so to work my improved method of`processing rayon packages, I prefer to cause the last direction of owof the treating liquid to be from without the packages inwardly, so thatthe last shape and condition 'of the package, before drying the 1atterisa deformed and highly slack one, and thus the drying may be effectedunder the'most advantageous circumstances for obtaining `uniformcontraction, during drying, of all parts ofthe package.

My improved forms of inserts and bobbins are also adaptable to thewell-known drip-washing of rayon packages. The cakes or wound bobbins-mounted on the inserts orbobbins may or may not be rotated while wateris permitted to drip over the cakes or woundbobbins.- Preferably, the

g inserts or bobbins arev supported between spacers When spinning woundbobbin packages, the.

thread is -gathered untwisted, and-therefore it is necessarysubsequently to'twi'stthe thread on a separate machineknown, as atwister or a spinner. I wish to point outthat the elongated windows ofmy improved forms of bobbln do not offer resistance to free twisting,since the bobbln with the wound rayon bobbinmounted on it is'revolved ata highspeed during the twisting operation causing` the cross-sectionalshape of the wound bobbln ipackage tol .takea form similar tothat whichit assumes, or tends to assume, when it is subjected by' my improvedprocess to the action ofl a treating "liquid moving from within thepackage outwardlyL -Since the rayon thread'is dry when being twisted, nounequal` strains 'suclfas my improved process s eeksto eliminate are setup by the centrifugal action. What I clai'm'is:

L 1`. A process of treating a threadof nlagel state to the action of avtreating liquid applied under pressure to the inner and outer faces ofthe package alternatelyl while the package is mounted so that thepackage'as a whole is free vto elongate longitudinally to apredetermined extent under the action of the treating liquid andtransversely spaced portions of the package are free to move inwardly toa predetermined extent under the pressure of liq'uid applied .to

' 10 the outer `face of the package while the other portions of thepackage are restrained from inward movement, f the permissible maximum43. A process of treating a thread of ne lila-4 25 mentous character inannular package form consisting in assembling the package on a supportof substantially constant radial dimension having spaced openings of acharacter to allow substantial-sized spaced portions of the packagetomove 30 inwardly of the support under pressure, and then pulsating thepackage on the insert by the action of a treating liquid.

4. A process of treating a thread of line lamentous character insymmetrical tubular: pack- 35 yage forin consisting in diilerentlydeforming adjacent portions o! the pa'ckage by the action of a treatingliquid applied thereto. and then causing the package to tend toreestablish itself ina symmetrical tubular form by thev action of a 40treating liquid.

5. A process of treating a thread of iine dlamentous character intubular package. form consisting in assembling a plurality of packagesin a substantially vertical tier and then pulsating dif- 45ferentportions of each package concurrently in different directions in,and by the action of, a treating liquid applied under pressure to the`inner and outer faces of the packages alternately,

while preventing the formation of any substantial 50 differential in thedifference in pressures between the inner and. outer faces of theseveral packages,

which would tend to be created by any hydrostatic head.

6. A process of treating a threadof fine la- 50 mentous character intubular package form consisting in assembling a plurality of packages ina substantially vertical tier in an enclosing vessel `.having anoveriiow for that part of the vessel chamber exteriorly of the packagetier, said over- 0 flow being located above the level of the top of thepackage tier, and then pulsating different 4portions of each packageconcurrently in different directions in,` and by the action of, a'treating liquid applied under pressure to the inner and outer faces ofthe packages alternately, the liquid being passed into and out from thevessel below the level `of the vbottom of the package tier.

7. A process of treating a thread oi' fine lasisting insubjectingthepackage to the action gikajgeating liquid applied under pressure tothe mentous character in tubular package form conly adjacent portionsthereof can iloat concurrently in opposite radial directions in, andunder the action of, the 'treating liquid, while positively limiting themaximum permissible extent of inward movements and permitting the extentof outward movements to be controlled by the nature of thepackage'strands.

8. A'process of treating a thread of ne lamentous, character in tubularpackage form consisting in differentially pulsating adjacent portions ofthe package toward and from the package axis by a liquid passed into thepackage under pressure, and at the interior and exterior faces` thereofalternately.

9. In apparatus for liquid-treating tubular packages of thread of finefilamentous character, an insert for a plurality of packages assembledin a longitudinally-aligned tier consisting of a rigid body structurepermitting liquid communication between the interiors of adjacentpackages when. the latter are assembled thereon, said Istructure being'formed with longitudinally spaced elongated openings and transverselyspaced elongated openings, through which openings spaced portions ofassembled packages may move relatively to the structure, said structurebeing constructed to permit liquiolcommunication between the exteriorand interior of the structure in addition to such communicationpermitted through said openings, and stop members adapted to limit themovements of the package portions through said openings to apredetermined maximum.

10. In apparatus for licitud-treating tubular packages of thread of nelamentous character,

i an insert for a plurality of spaced packages assembled in alongitudinally-aligned tier cci'isistving of a rigid body structurepermitting liquid communication between the interiors of adjacentpackages when the latter are assembled thereon, said structure havingspaced transverse members adapted respectively toengage the opposed'ends of adjacent packages and longitudinal members i adapted to engagethe interior faces of the packages, the longitudinal members ofthestructure being formed with longitudinally spaced elongated openings andtransversely spaced elongated openings, through which openings spacedportions of assembled packagesmay pulsate and may move relatively to thestructure, said structure being constructed to permit liquidcommunication between the exterior and interior of the structure inaddition to such communication permitted through said openings, and stopmembers disposed interiorly of, and opposite to, said openings andadapted to limit the inward movements of the package portions throughsaid openings to a. predetermined maximum.

11. In apparatus orJiquid-treating tubular' packages of thread of iinefilamentous character, an insert for a plurality of spaced packagesassembled in a longitudinally-aligned tier consisting of a rigid bodystructure permitting liquid communication between the interiors ofadjacent packages when the latter are assembled thereon,

fthan the length of a package before liquid treatment, said longitudinalmembers being formed with longitudinally spaced elongated openingsandtransversely spaced elongated openings,

openings and.- through the spaces between said transverse members andtheadjacent ends -of the respective packages. and stop members adapted to.limit the movements of the package portions Y through s'aid openings toa predetermined maximum. f l CHARLES A. HUTI'vINGER.

